1. Overview In December 2024, Ebola virus cases surged again in West Africa, raising alarms among global health authorities. Over 1,500 cases have been reported, with a fatality rate of 40%. Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea, which were previously hit by Ebola, are experiencing new outbreaks. 2. Current Situation 2-1. Transmission Pathways The virus spreads through unsafe contact, particularly in healthcare settings and funeral practices. High population density and inadequate medical facilities exacerbate the crisis. 2-2. Health System Challenges A lack of medical infrastructure delays diagnosis and treatment. Shortages of protective gear for healthcare workers and limited vaccine supplies worsen the situation. 2-3. International Support WHO and ICRC have deployed emergency response teams and initiated vaccination campaigns. However, logistical challenges in remote areas hinder relief efforts. 3. International Responses 3-1. WHO’s Measures WHO has declared a Public Health Emerge...